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- THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
- COPYRIGHT LAWS ARE CHANGING ALL OVER THE WORLD. BE SURE TO CHECK THE
- COPYRIGHT LAWS FOR YOUR COUNTRY BEFORE DOWNLOADING OR REDISTRIBUTING
- THIS OR ANY OTHER PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK.
- THIS HEADER SHOULD BE THE FIRST THING SEEN WHEN VIEWING THIS PROJECT
- GUTENBERG FILE. PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE IT. DO NOT CHANGE OR EDIT THE
- HEADER WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION.
- PLEASE READ THE "LEGAL SMALL PRINT," AND OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE
- EBOOK AND PROJECT GUTENBERG AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS FILE. INCLUDED IS
- IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR SPECIFIC RIGHTS AND RESTRICTIONS IN
- HOW THE FILE MAY BE USED. YOU CAN ALSO FIND OUT ABOUT HOW TO MAKE A
- DONATION TO PROJECT GUTENBERG, AND HOW TO GET INVOLVED.
- **WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF FREE PLAIN VANILLA ELECTRONIC TEXTS**
- **EBOOKS READABLE BY BOTH HUMANS AND BY COMPUTERS, SINCE 1971**
- *****THESE EBOOKS WERE PREPARED BY THOUSANDS OF VOLUNTEERS!*****
- TITLE: THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
- RELEASE DATE: DECEMBER, 1971 [EBOOK #1]
- [MOST RECENTLY UPDATED: NOVEMBER 25, 2004]
- EDITION: 12
- LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
- CHARACTER SET ENCODING: ASCII
- ***
- THE UNITED STATES DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE WAS THE FIRST ETEXT
- RELEASED BY PROJECT GUTENBERG, EARLY IN 1971. THE TITLE WAS STORED
- IN AN EMAILED INSTRUCTION SET WHICH REQUIRED A TAPE OR DISKPACK BE
- HAND MOUNTED FOR RETRIEVAL. THE DISKPACK WAS THE SIZE OF A LARGE
- CAKE IN A CAKE CARRIER, COST $1500, AND CONTAINED 5 MEGABYTES, OF
- WHICH THIS FILE TOOK 1-2%. TWO TAPE BACKUPS WERE KEPT PLUS ONE ON
- PAPER TAPE. THE 10,000 FILES WE HOPE TO HAVE ONLINE BY THE END OF
- 2001 SHOULD TAKE ABOUT 1-2% OF A COMPARABLY PRICED DRIVE IN 2001.
- THIS FILE WAS NEVER COPYRIGHTED, SHAREWARED, ETC., AND IS THUS FOR
- ALL TO USE AND COPY IN ANY MANNER THEY CHOOSE. PLEASE FEEL FREE TO
- MAKE YOUR OWN EDITION USING THIS AS A BASE.
- IN MY RESEARCH FOR CREATING THIS TRANSCRIPTION OF OUR FIRST ETEXT,
- I HAVE COME ACROSS ENOUGH DISCREPANCIES [EVEN WITHIN THAT OFFICIAL
- DOCUMENTATION PROVIDED BY THE UNITED STATES] TO CONCLUDE THAT EVEN
- "FACSIMILES" OF THE DECLARATION OF INDENDENCE WILL NOT GOING TO BE
- ALL THE SAME AS THE ORIGINAL, NOR OF OTHER "FACSIMILES." THERE IS
- A PLETHORA OF VARIATIONS IN CAPITALIZATION, PUNCTUATION, AND, EVEN
- WHERE NAMES APPEAR ON THE DOCUMENTS [WHICH NAMES I HAVE LEFT OUT].
- THE RESULTING DOCUMENT HAS SEVERAL MISSPELLINGS REMOVED FROM THOSE
- PARCHMENT "FACSIMILES" I USED BACK IN 1971, AND WHICH I SHOULD NOT
- BE ABLE TO EASILY FIND AT THIS TIME, INCLUDING "BRITTAIN."
- [JT, APR 05: "BRITTISH", HOWEVER, IS SPELLED AS IN THE ORIGINAL.]
- **THE PROJECT GUTENBERG ETEXT OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE**
- THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
- IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776
- THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
- WHEN IN THE COURSE OF HUMAN EVENTS, IT BECOMES NECESSARY FOR
- ONE PEOPLE TO DISSOLVE THE POLITICAL BANDS WHICH HAVE CONNECTED
- THEM WITH ANOTHER, AND TO ASSUME, AMONG THE POWERS OF THE EARTH,
- THE SEPARATE AND EQUAL STATION TO WHICH THE LAWS OF NATURE AND
- OF NATURE'S GOD ENTITLE THEM, A DECENT RESPECT TO THE OPINIONS
- OF MANKIND REQUIRES THAT THEY SHOULD DECLARE THE CAUSES WHICH
- IMPEL THEM TO THE SEPARATION.
- WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF-EVIDENT, THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL,
- THAT THEY ARE ENDOWED BY THEIR CREATOR WITH CERTAIN UNALIENABLE RIGHTS,
- THAT AMONG THESE ARE LIFE, LIBERTY, AND THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS.
- THAT TO SECURE THESE RIGHTS, GOVERNMENTS ARE INSTITUTED AMONG MEN,
- DERIVING THEIR JUST POWERS FROM THE CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED,
- THAT WHENEVER ANY FORM OF GOVERNMENT BECOMES DESTRUCTIVE OF THESE ENDS,
- IT IS THE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE TO ALTER OR TO ABOLISH IT, AND TO INSTITUTE
- NEW GOVERNMENT, LAYING ITS FOUNDATION ON SUCH PRINCIPLES AND ORGANIZING
- ITS POWERS IN SUCH FORM, AS TO THEM SHALL SEEM MOST LIKELY TO EFFECT
- THEIR SAFETY AND HAPPINESS. PRUDENCE, INDEED, WILL DICTATE THAT GOVERNMENTS
- LONG ESTABLISHED SHOULD NOT BE CHANGED FOR LIGHT AND TRANSIENT CAUSES;
- AND ACCORDINGLY ALL EXPERIENCE HATH SHOWN, THAT MANKIND ARE MORE DISPOSED
- TO SUFFER, WHILE EVILS ARE SUFFERABLE, THAN TO RIGHT THEMSELVES BY ABOLISHING
- THE FORMS TO WHICH THEY ARE ACCUSTOMED. BUT WHEN A LONG TRAIN OF ABUSES AND
- USURPATIONS, PURSUING INVARIABLY THE SAME OBJECT EVINCES A DESIGN TO REDUCE
- THEM UNDER ABSOLUTE DESPOTISM, IT IS THEIR RIGHT, IT IS THEIR DUTY, TO THROW
- OFF SUCH GOVERNMENT, AND TO PROVIDE NEW GUARDS FOR THEIR FUTURE SECURITY.
- --SUCH HAS BEEN THE PATIENT SUFFERANCE OF THESE COLONIES; AND SUCH IS NOW
- THE NECESSITY WHICH CONSTRAINS THEM TO ALTER THEIR FORMER SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT.
- THE HISTORY OF THE PRESENT KING OF GREAT BRITAIN IS A HISTORY OF REPEATED
- INJURIES AND USURPATIONS, ALL HAVING IN DIRECT OBJECT THE ESTABLISHMENT
- OF AN ABSOLUTE TYRANNY OVER THESE STATES. TO PROVE THIS, LET FACTS
- BE SUBMITTED TO A CANDID WORLD.
- HE HAS REFUSED HIS ASSENT TO LAWS, THE MOST WHOLESOME AND NECESSARY
- FOR THE PUBLIC GOOD.
- HE HAS FORBIDDEN HIS GOVERNORS TO PASS LAWS OF IMMEDIATE
- AND PRESSING IMPORTANCE, UNLESS SUSPENDED IN THEIR OPERATION
- TILL HIS ASSENT SHOULD BE OBTAINED; AND WHEN SO SUSPENDED,
- HE HAS UTTERLY NEGLECTED TO ATTEND TO THEM.
- HE HAS REFUSED TO PASS OTHER LAWS FOR THE ACCOMMODATION OF
- LARGE DISTRICTS OF PEOPLE, UNLESS THOSE PEOPLE WOULD RELINQUISH
- THE RIGHT OF REPRESENTATION IN THE LEGISLATURE, A RIGHT
- INESTIMABLE TO THEM AND FORMIDABLE TO TYRANTS ONLY.
- HE HAS CALLED TOGETHER LEGISLATIVE BODIES AT PLACES UNUSUAL,
- UNCOMFORTABLE, AND DISTANT FROM THE DEPOSITORY OF THEIR
- PUBLIC RECORDS, FOR THE SOLE PURPOSE OF FATIGUING THEM
- INTO COMPLIANCE WITH HIS MEASURES.
- HE HAS DISSOLVED REPRESENTATIVE HOUSES REPEATEDLY, FOR OPPOSING
- WITH MANLY FIRMNESS HIS INVASIONS ON THE RIGHTS OF THE PEOPLE.
- HE HAS REFUSED FOR A LONG TIME, AFTER SUCH DISSOLUTIONS,
- TO CAUSE OTHERS TO BE ELECTED; WHEREBY THE LEGISLATIVE POWERS,
- INCAPABLE OF ANNIHILATION, HAVE RETURNED TO THE PEOPLE AT LARGE
- FOR THEIR EXERCISE; THE STATE REMAINING IN THE MEAN TIME EXPOSED
- TO ALL THE DANGERS OF INVASION FROM WITHOUT, AND CONVULSIONS WITHIN.
- HE HAS ENDEAVOURED TO PREVENT THE POPULATION OF THESE STATES;
- FOR THAT PURPOSE OBSTRUCTING THE LAWS OF NATURALIZATION OF FOREIGNERS;
- REFUSING TO PASS OTHERS TO ENCOURAGE THEIR MIGRATION HITHER,
- AND RAISING THE CONDITIONS OF NEW APPROPRIATIONS OF LANDS.
- HE HAS OBSTRUCTED THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE, BY REFUSING HIS ASSENT
- TO LAWS FOR ESTABLISHING JUDICIARY POWERS.
- HE HAS MADE JUDGES DEPENDENT ON HIS WILL ALONE, FOR THE TENURE
- OF THEIR OFFICES, AND THE AMOUNT AND PAYMENT OF THEIR SALARIES.
- HE HAS ERECTED A MULTITUDE OF NEW OFFICES, AND SENT HITHER SWARMS OF
- OFFICERS TO HARASS OUR PEOPLE, AND EAT OUT THEIR SUBSTANCE.
- HE HAS KEPT AMONG US, IN TIMES OF PEACE, STANDING ARMIES
- WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF OUR LEGISLATURES.
- HE HAS AFFECTED TO RENDER THE MILITARY INDEPENDENT OF
- AND SUPERIOR TO THE CIVIL POWER.
- HE HAS COMBINED WITH OTHERS TO SUBJECT US TO A JURISDICTION
- FOREIGN TO OUR CONSTITUTION, AND UNACKNOWLEDGED BY OUR LAWS;
- GIVING HIS ASSENT TO THEIR ACTS OF PRETENDED LEGISLATION:
- FOR QUARTERING LARGE BODIES OF ARMED TROOPS AMONG US:
- FOR PROTECTING THEM, BY A MOCK TRIAL, FROM PUNISHMENT FOR ANY MURDERS
- WHICH THEY SHOULD COMMIT ON THE INHABITANTS OF THESE STATES:
- FOR CUTTING OFF OUR TRADE WITH ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD:
- FOR IMPOSING TAXES ON US WITHOUT OUR CONSENT:
- FOR DEPRIVING US, IN MANY CASES, OF THE BENEFITS OF TRIAL BY JURY:
- FOR TRANSPORTING US BEYOND SEAS TO BE TRIED FOR PRETENDED OFFENCES:
- FOR ABOLISHING THE FREE SYSTEM OF ENGLISH LAWS IN A NEIGHBOURING
- PROVINCE, ESTABLISHING THEREIN AN ARBITRARY GOVERNMENT,
- AND ENLARGING ITS BOUNDARIES SO AS TO RENDER IT AT ONCE
- AN EXAMPLE AND FIT INSTRUMENT FOR INTRODUCING THE SAME
- ABSOLUTE RULE INTO THESE COLONIES:
- FOR TAKING AWAY OUR CHARTERS, ABOLISHING OUR MOST VALUABLE LAWS,
- AND ALTERING FUNDAMENTALLY THE FORMS OF OUR GOVERNMENTS:
- FOR SUSPENDING OUR OWN LEGISLATURES, AND DECLARING THEMSELVES
- INVESTED WITH POWER TO LEGISLATE FOR US IN ALL CASES WHATSOEVER.
- HE HAS ABDICATED GOVERNMENT HERE, BY DECLARING US OUT OF HIS PROTECTION
- AND WAGING WAR AGAINST US.
- HE HAS PLUNDERED OUR SEAS, RAVAGED OUR COASTS, BURNT OUR TOWNS,
- AND DESTROYED THE LIVES OF OUR PEOPLE.
- HE IS AT THIS TIME TRANSPORTING LARGE ARMIES OF FOREIGN MERCENARIES
- TO COMPLEAT THE WORKS OF DEATH, DESOLATION AND TYRANNY, ALREADY BEGUN
- WITH CIRCUMSTANCES OF CRUELTY & PERFIDY SCARCELY PARALLELED IN THE
- MOST BARBAROUS AGES, AND TOTALLY UNWORTHY OF THE HEAD OF A CIVILIZED NATION.
- HE HAS CONSTRAINED OUR FELLOW CITIZENS TAKEN CAPTIVE ON THE HIGH SEAS
- TO BEAR ARMS AGAINST THEIR COUNTRY, TO BECOME THE EXECUTIONERS OF
- THEIR FRIENDS AND BRETHREN, OR TO FALL THEMSELVES BY THEIR HANDS.
- HE HAS EXCITED DOMESTIC INSURRECTIONS AMONGST US, AND HAS
- ENDEAVOURED TO BRING ON THE INHABITANTS OF OUR FRONTIERS,
- THE MERCILESS INDIAN SAVAGES, WHOSE KNOWN RULE OF WARFARE,
- IS AN UNDISTINGUISHED DESTRUCTION OF ALL AGES, SEXES AND CONDITIONS.
- IN EVERY STAGE OF THESE OPPRESSIONS WE HAVE PETITIONED FOR REDRESS
- IN THE MOST HUMBLE TERMS: OUR REPEATED PETITIONS HAVE BEEN ANSWERED
- ONLY BY REPEATED INJURY. A PRINCE, WHOSE CHARACTER IS THUS MARKED
- BY EVERY ACT WHICH MAY DEFINE A TYRANT, IS UNFIT TO BE THE RULER
- OF A FREE PEOPLE.
- NOR HAVE WE BEEN WANTING IN ATTENTION TO OUR BRITTISH BRETHREN.
- WE HAVE WARNED THEM FROM TIME TO TIME OF ATTEMPTS BY THEIR
- LEGISLATURE TO EXTEND AN UNWARRANTABLE JURISDICTION OVER US.
- WE HAVE REMINDED THEM OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF OUR EMIGRATION AND
- SETTLEMENT HERE. WE HAVE APPEALED TO THEIR NATIVE JUSTICE
- AND MAGNANIMITY, AND WE HAVE CONJURED THEM BY THE TIES OF OUR
- COMMON KINDRED TO DISAVOW THESE USURPATIONS, WHICH WOULD INEVITABLY
- INTERRUPT OUR CONNECTIONS AND CORRESPONDENCE. THEY TOO HAVE BEEN
- DEAF TO THE VOICE OF JUSTICE AND OF CONSANGUINITY. WE MUST, THEREFORE,
- ACQUIESCE IN THE NECESSITY, WHICH DENOUNCES OUR SEPARATION, AND HOLD THEM,
- AS WE HOLD THE REST OF MANKIND, ENEMIES IN WAR, IN PEACE FRIENDS.
- WE, THEREFORE, THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
- IN GENERAL CONGRESS, ASSEMBLED, APPEALING TO THE SUPREME JUDGE OF
- THE WORLD FOR THE RECTITUDE OF OUR INTENTIONS, DO, IN THE NAME,
- AND BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE GOOD PEOPLE OF THESE COLONIES,
- SOLEMNLY PUBLISH AND DECLARE, THAT THESE UNITED COLONIES ARE,
- AND OF RIGHT OUGHT TO BE FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES;
- THAT THEY ARE ABSOLVED FROM ALL ALLEGIANCE TO THE BRITISH CROWN,
- AND THAT ALL POLITICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN THEM AND THE STATE
- OF GREAT BRITAIN, IS AND OUGHT TO BE TOTALLY DISSOLVED;
- AND THAT AS FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES, THEY HAVE FULL POWER TO
- LEVY WAR, CONCLUDE PEACE, CONTRACT ALLIANCES, ESTABLISH COMMERCE,
- AND TO DO ALL OTHER ACTS AND THINGS WHICH INDEPENDENT STATES MAY
- OF RIGHT DO. AND FOR THE SUPPORT OF THIS DECLARATION, WITH A FIRM
- RELIANCE ON THE PROTECTION OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE, WE MUTUALLY PLEDGE
- TO EACH OTHER OUR LIVES, OUR FORTUNES AND OUR SACRED HONOR.
- ***
- END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
- ******THIS FILE SHOULD BE NAMED WHEN12.TXT OR WHEN12.ZIP******
- CORRECTED EDITIONS OF OUR EBOOKS GET A NEW NUMBER, WHEN13.TXT
- VERSIONS BASED ON SEPARATE SOURCES GET NEW LETTER, WHEN12A.TXT
- THIS ETEXT WAS PRODUCED BY MICHAEL S. HART.
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- HTTP://GUTENBERG.NET OR
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- INFORMATION ABOUT PROJECT GUTENBERG (ONE PAGE)
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- TIME IT TAKES US, A RATHER CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE, IS FIFTY HOURS
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- PER TEXT IS NOMINALLY ESTIMATED AT ONE DOLLAR THEN WE PRODUCE $2
- MILLION DOLLARS PER HOUR IN 2002 AS WE RELEASE OVER 100 NEW TEXT
- FILES PER MONTH: 1240 MORE EBOOKS IN 2001 FOR A TOTAL OF 4000+
- WE ARE ALREADY ON OUR WAY TO TRYING FOR 2000 MORE EBOOKS IN 2002
- IF THEY REACH JUST 1-2% OF THE WORLD'S POPULATION THEN THE TOTAL
- WILL REACH OVER HALF A TRILLION EBOOKS GIVEN AWAY BY YEAR'S END.
- THE GOAL OF PROJECT GUTENBERG IS TO GIVE AWAY 1 TRILLION EBOOKS!
- THIS IS TEN THOUSAND TITLES EACH TO ONE HUNDRED MILLION READERS,
- WHICH IS ONLY ABOUT 4% OF THE PRESENT NUMBER OF COMPUTER USERS.
- HERE IS THE BRIEFEST RECORD OF OUR PROGRESS (* MEANS ESTIMATED):
- EBOOKS YEAR MONTH
- 1 1971 JULY
- 10 1991 JANUARY
- 100 1994 JANUARY
- 1000 1997 AUGUST
- 1500 1998 OCTOBER
- 2000 1999 DECEMBER
- 2500 2000 DECEMBER
- 3000 2001 NOVEMBER
- 4000 2001 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER
- 6000 2002 DECEMBER*
- 9000 2003 NOVEMBER*
- 10000 2004 JANUARY*
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- WE HAVE FILED IN ALL 50 STATES NOW, BUT THESE ARE THE ONLY ONES
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